The Complete Works Of Francisco Suárez - Disputations on Metaphysics, Part II, Disputations 28–54, Volume XXVI - Francisco Suárez

This twenty-sixth volume continues Suárez’s Disputationes Metaphysicae, advancing from the foundational questions of metaphysics to a deeper analysis of being, its causes, and its intrinsic principles within the scholastic tradition.

The work develops a detailed account of causality, examining efficient, formal, material, and final causes, and clarifying how they operate within both created and uncreated order. Suárez also refines his treatment of distinction, especially formal and real distinction, which becomes central to his metaphysical method.

A significant portion is devoted to the nature of substance and accident, including their definitions, modes of existence, and mutual relations. He further investigates the principles of individuation, unity, and identity, seeking to explain how singular beings are constituted and recognized as distinct entities.

Throughout the volume, Suárez applies his characteristic precision and analytical rigor, carefully structuring complex metaphysical questions into clear disputations. The result is a systematic deepening of his ontology, building a coherent framework for understanding finite being and its internal structure.